• Illustrates degenerative changes to the vertebrae and discs
• Model can be disassembled into vertebrae and intervertebral discs
• Ideal for study and explaining the structures of the lumbar spine

Vertebrae Degeneration

The natural cast model illustrates degenerative changes to the vertebrae and intervertebral discs of the lumbar spine in five progressively serious degrees.

Degeneration Stages

From healthy disc and vertebrae all the way to very severe degeneration and bony constriction of the left intervertebral foramen with pressure on the spinal nerve root.

Ideal for Patient Education and Anatomical Study

Shown from top to bottom:

• Intervertebral disc in healthy condition

• Lumbar vertebra (L1) without degenerative changes

• Intervertebral disc with protrusion

• Lumbar vertebra (L2) with beginning degenerative changes

• Intervertebral disc with medial prolapse

• Lumbar vertebra (L3) with advanced degenerative changes

• Intervertebral disc with intraforaminal prolapse on the right

• Lumbar vertebra (L4) with strong degenerative changes and bony constriction of the left intervertebral foramen

• Extremely narrowed intervertebral disc

• Lumbar vertebra (L5) with strong degenerative changes and bony constriction of the left intervertebral foramen with pressure on the spinal nerve root L5 on the left.